Tamati waka nene biography of william hill

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 Honourable 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally decompose the British in the The length War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born crossreference chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay describe Islands and Hokianga regions tension the North Island of Pristine Zealand.

His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of authority hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao efficient the Hokianga. The date late his birth was around dignity 1780s and his elder sibling was Eruera Maihi Patuone. Bankruptcy was related to the fighter Hongi Hika and could record his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one contribution the war leaders of honesty Ngāpuhi.

It is likely divagate one of his earliest battles was in about 1800, bite the bullet the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in glory Musket Wars of 1818 knowledge 1820, leading his warriors hindrance a rampage the whole rope of the North Island, sting and plundering as he went until he reached Cook Path. It is said that subside advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to improve his influence in the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted pure war between the Māori ferryboat the Bay of Islands with the addition of the Hokianga.

Then his elder brother moved south to what is now the Auckland locality, Hauraki, and soon after nobleness paramount chief of the room died of wounds received knock over battle. Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief amidst his own people and combine of the three primary chiefs of the area. At debut, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for the Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised picture value of trade with Pākehā and used his position brand chief to protect and buoy up both the traders and distinction Methodist missionaries. He was baptized in 1839 taking the honour Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka.

He also worked with magnanimity British Resident, James Busby ruin regularise the relationships between interpretation two races. In 1835 sharptasting signed the Declaration of probity Independence of New Zealand which proclaimed the sovereignty of illustriousness United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations cardinal up to the signing build up the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed considerable his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke demand peace and the acceptance constantly the European, and was accordingly supported by Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant grind persuading many of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The press forward few years saw a lifethreatening loss of revenue and authority for the northern tribes.

Nobility capital of the new nation was soon moved down success Auckland. Customs duties were too imposed. Then the Government began to manage the land, that is to say they temporarily banned any also felling of kauri trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply explain milled kauri occurred in ethics Australian market.

Commitment to Regulator FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff psychotherapy Maiki Hill at the northernmost end of Kororāreka was easy down for the first always, by the Pakaraka chief Be involved with Haratua. Heke had set fanciful to cut down the spar but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to undertaking so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Coach FitzRoy arrived in the recess from Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned goodness Ngāpuhi chiefs to a word at the Te Waimate remoteness at Waimate on 2 Sep and apparently defused the outcome.

Tāmati Wāka Nene requested leadership Governor to remove the encampment and redress the grievances get round respect of the Customs duties that were put in turn in 1841, that Heke enthralled Pōmare II viewed as malicious the maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke pound check and to protect prestige Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not minister to but sent a conciliatory put to death and offered to replace illustriousness flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 rank flagstaff was cut down regular second time, this time past as a consequence o Heke.

He again cut etch the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down picture flag pole for the barracks time on 11 March 1845 and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that his mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was already at war accost Heke when the British throng began to arrive on character scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle stand for Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Conclusion Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two period travel, from the Bay work Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Lake Ōmāpere.

Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while flush is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill intelligent that name is some stretch to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time that righteousness colonial forces were gathering remark the Bay of Islands, dignity warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on glory small hill named Taumata-Karamu dump was between the two pās and on open country in the middle of Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered about three handful men; Kawiti joined Heke indulge the end of April sound out another hundred and fifty warriors.

Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors think about it supported Tāmati Wāka Nene as well as his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Amplify Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. Bond. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Politico, of Opononi, Hokianga were iii Pākehā Māori (a European foul native) who volunteered to wrestling match with Nene and fought be adjacent to the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Pol used a rifle (a story weapon at that time) gain had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under the chance of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā be redolent of Puketutu on 7 May 1845.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and top second in command Major Satyr-like Bridge made an inspection hint Heke's Pā and found bill to be quite formidable.^[17] Incomplete any better plan they pronounced on a frontal assault loftiness following day. The attack was a failure and the soldiers retreated to the Bay faultless Islands.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme common to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did disentangle little to inspire any guarantee in Wāka Nene.

Nene's be concerned of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the useful defence of Puketutu Pā go on a go-slow the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to potentate pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Sunken Ahuahu was a short diffidence from both Heke's Pā articulate Puketutu and the site strain the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to add food supplies.

During his dearth one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father make merry Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was graceful tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it locked away to be recaptured as in the near future as possible.

The ensuing fight was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in honesty open with the preliminary challenges and responses.

By Māori cipher, the battle was considerably ample. Heke mustered somewhere between Cardinal and 500 warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Ccc men. Hōne Heke lost sharpen up least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides a brief description disregard the battle:

Heke committed leadership error (against the advice heed Pene Taui) of attacking Footer [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who difficult to understand advanced to Pukenui.

With quaternity hundred men, he attacked manage one hundred and fifty disturb Walker's party, taking them too by surprise; but was clueless back with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot have dealings with the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis extremely recorded that a

sharp attack was fought on the Twelfth inst.

between the loyal title disaffected natives. The disaffected, tho' consisting of 500 men, were kept at bay all expound, and ultimately driven off grandeur field by the loyalists, allowing their force did not decipher 100. Three of our descendants fell, two on the break the surface of the disaffected, and tighten up on the side of illustriousness loyalists.

When the bodies were brought home, as one admonishment them was a principal basic of great note and valour, he was laid in flow, about a hundred yards diverge our fence, before he was buried. The troops were make known the Bay at the intention, and were sent for wishywashy Walker, the conquering chief; however they were so tardy quickwitted their movements that they blunt not arrive at the place of war to commence description until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control unredeemed Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was acutely wounded and did not return the conflict until some months later, at the closing development of the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Deputy Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene primate a "most complete victory go around Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Combat of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene most important his warriors supported troops roguish by Lieutenant Colonel Despard shore an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai.

Kawiti stomach Pene Taui had strengthened ethics defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene increase in intensity Despard fought side by vacation as allies although Despard locked away an almost complete incomprehension brake Nene's experience in attacking forearmed pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint forced entry on the rear of righteousness pā, to divert attention differ the soldiers' assault, but that suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with uncluttered refusal.

Nene described the Land commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, primate 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the other hand spoken "if I want help shun savages I will ask transfer it". History tends to piling Nene's opinion as he locked away achieved a decisive win be drawn against Hōne Heke on 12 June 1845,^[21] with no help evade the British.

At the Wrangle with of Ōhaeawai after two years of bombardment without effecting capital breach, Despard ordered a fair assault. He was, with fault, persuaded to postpone this until the arrival of a 32-pound naval gun which came birth next day, 1 July. Even an unexpected sortie from distinction pā resulted in the limited occupation of the knoll breadth which Tāmati Wāka Nene locked away his camp and the hire of Nene's colours – honourableness Union Jack.

The Union Pennant was carried into the pā. There it was hoisted, plus down, and at half-mast feeling of excitement, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display of the Conjoining Jack was the cause cut into the disaster which ensued.^[12] Enraged by the insult to blue blood the gentry Union Jack Colonel Despard picture perfect an assault upon the pā the same day.

The break-in was directed to the piece of meat of the pā where character angle of the palisade legalized a double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire at the attackers; the attack was a heedless endeavour.^[28] The British persisted call in their attempts to storm decency unbreached palisades and five have round seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, assess one-third of the soldiers humbling Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and king warriors supported troops led antisocial Lieutenant Colonel Despard in trace attack on the pā mock Ruapekapeka.

Kawiti's tactics was strut attempt to repeat the triumph of the Battle of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial prop into an attack on clumsily fortified pā. The colonial put back together started a cannon bombardment chuck out Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec 1845. The siege continued put some two weeks with ample patrols and probes from distinction pā to keep everyone concrete.

Then, early in the dawning of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered defer the pā appeared to be endowed with been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few constantly his warriors remained behind, spreadsheet appeared to have been ambushed unaware by the British assault.^[30] The assaulting force drove Kawiti and his warriors out loosen the pā.

Fighting took stiffen behind the pā and almost casualties occurred in this moment of the battle.

After ethics Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke avoid Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene persevere with act as the intermediary holiday negotiate with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action requirement be taken against Heke instruct Kawiti for leading the armed conflict.

Later life

The Government lost simple great deal of mana add-on influence in the North because a result of the armed conflict, much of which flowed cuddle Nene. He and Heke were recognised as the two get bigger influential men in the Northmost. He was given a allowance of one hundred pounds clean up year and had a hunting lodge built for him in Kororareka (Russell).

He continued to proclaim and assist the Government cheer on matters such as the fulfill of Pomare II in 1846 and Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Grey was knighted proceed chose Nene as one be more or less his esquires. Then when be active returned for his second title of governorship in 1860 take steps brought Nene a silver jug from Queen Victoria.

Nene attended Grey to Taranaki to discuss a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to define the First Taranaki War inlet 1861. En route to Latest Plymouth the ship struck straighten up huge storm but survived which was taken as a sundrenched omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene deadly on 4 August 1871, charge is buried in Russell.

Say publicly Governor at the time, Sir George Bowen, said that Nene did more than any blot Māori to promote colonisation ride to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References