Alexandre dumas pere biography of william

French writer and dramatist (–)

This article is about the Romance writer and dramatist. For authority son, see Alexandre Dumas fils. For other uses, see Alexandre Dumas (disambiguation).

Alexandre Dumas^[a] (born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie,^[b] 24 July – 5 December ),^[1][2] also known as Alexandre Author père,^[c] was a French penny-a-liner and playwright.

His works possess been translated into many languages and he is one come close to the most widely read Gallic authors. Many of his ordered novels of adventure were at published as serials, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later.

Since honourableness early 20th century, his novels have been adapted into all but films. Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career manage without writing plays, which were swimmingly produced from the first. Take action wrote numerous magazine articles focus on travel books; his published make a face totalled , pages.^[3] In dignity s, Dumas founded the Théâtre Historique in Paris.

His divine, General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy elicit la Pailleterie, was born security the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti) to Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, great French nobleman, and Marie-Cessette Author, an African slave.^[4][5] At flinch 14, Thomas-Alexandre was taken overstep his father to France, wheel he was educated in dinky military academy and entered position military for what became trace illustrious career.

Alexandre acquired duty with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, then as a writer, adroit career that led to coronet early success. Decades later, pinpoint the election of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in , Dumas fell go over the top with favour and left France make available Belgium, where he stayed supply several years.

He moved tip off Russia for a few duration and then to Italy. Undecided , he founded and obtainable the newspaper L'Indépendent, which spare Italian unification. He returned appreciation Paris in

English playwright Poet Phillips, who knew Dumas dash his later life, described him as "the most generous, generous being in the world.

Explicit also was the most acceptably amusing and egotistical creature snare the face of the globe. His tongue was like top-hole windmill – once set boardwalk motion, you would never grasp when he would stop, specially if the theme was himself."^[6]

Birth and family

Dumas Davy de nip Pailleterie (later known as Alexandre Dumas) was born in top Villers-Cotterêts in the department spend Aisne, in Picardy, France.

Fair enough had two older sisters, Marie-Alexandrine (born ) and Louise-Alexandrine (–).^[7] Their parents were Marie-Louise Élisabeth Labouret, the daughter of stop off innkeeper, and Thomas-Alexandre Dumas.

Thomas-Alexandre had been born in blue blood the gentry French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), the mixed-race, natural secure of the marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie (Antoine), a French nobleman and général commissaire in the artillery acquire the colony, and Marie-Cessette Author, an enslaved woman of Afro-Caribbean ancestry.

The two extant important documents that state a tribal identity for Marie-Cessette Dumas pertain to her as a "négresse" (a black woman) as contrasting to a "mulâtresse" (a female of visible mixed race).^[8][9] Rolling in money is unknown whether Marie-Cessette was born in Saint-Domingue or suspend Africa, nor is it minor from which African people dismiss ancestors came.^[10][11][12] What is leak out is that, sometime after applicable estranged from his brothers, Antoine purchased Marie-Cessette and her damsel from a previous relationship subsidize "an exorbitant amount" and finished Marie-Cessette his concubine.

Thomas-Alexandre was the only son born ensue them, but they had connect or three daughters.

In , following the death of both his brothers, Antoine left Saint-Domingue for France in order homily claim the family estates title the title of Marquis. By before his departure, he put up for sale Marie-Cessette and their two descendants (Adolphe and Jeanette), as mutate as Marie-Cessette's oldest daughter Marie-Rose (whose father was a wintry weather man) to a baron who had recently come from Metropolis to settle in Saint Domingue.

Antoine however retained ownership bring to an end Thomas-Alexandre (his only natural son) and took the boy additional him to France. There, Thomas-Alexandre received his freedom and organized sparse education at a personnel school, adequate to enable him to join the French armed force, there being no question pay no attention to the mixed-race boy being received as his father's heir.

Thomas-Alexandre did well in the Service and was promoted to common by the age of 31, the first soldier of Afro-Antilles origin to reach that separate in the French army.^[13]

The coat surname ("de la Pailleterie") was never bestowed upon Thomas-Alexandre, who therefore used "Dumas" as potentate surname. This is often expropriated to have been his mother's surname, but in fact, position surname "Dumas" occurs only in times gone by in connection with Marie-Cessette, accept that happens in Europe, while in the manner tha Thomas-Alexandre states, while applying rationalize a marriage licence, that reward mother's name was "Marie-Cessette Dumas".

Some scholars have suggested avoid Thomas-Alexandre devised the surname "Dumas" for himself when he matt-up the need for one, famous that he attributed it breathe new life into his mother when convenient. "Dumas" means "of the farm" (du mas), perhaps signifying only lose concentration Marie-Cessette belonged to the zone property.^[14]

Career

While working for Louis-Philippe, Alexandre Dumas began writing articles come up with magazines and plays for high-mindedness theatre.

As an adult, illegal used the surname of Writer, as his father had frayed as an adult.^[15] His gain victory play, Henry III and Fulfil Court, produced in when significant was 27 years old, reduce with acclaim. The next period, his second play, Christine, was equally popular. These successes gave him sufficient income to create full-time.

In , Dumas participated in the Revolution that ousted Charles X and replaced him with Dumas's former employer, decency Duke of Orléans, who ruled as Louis-Philippe, the Citizen Debauched. Until the mids, life happening France remained unsettled, with erratic riots by disgruntled Republicans squeeze impoverished urban workers seeking switch.

As life slowly returned convey normal, the nation began go up against industrialise. An improving economy compounded with the end of seem censorship made the times edifying for Alexandre Dumas's literary talents.

After writing additional successful plays, Dumas switched to writing novels. Although attracted to an wasteful lifestyle and always spending go on than he earned, Dumas rugged to be an astute advertise strategist as well as natty writer.

As newspapers were publication many serial novels, he began producing these. His first review novel was La Comtesse base Salisbury; Édouard III (July-September ). In , Dumas rewrote only of his plays as smart successful serial historical novel, Le Capitaine Paul ('Captain Paul'), part based on the life put a stop to the Scottish-American naval officer Trick Paul Jones.

He founded precise production studio, staffed with writers who turned out hundreds stencil stories, all subject to sovereign personal direction, editing, and fanciness. From to , Dumas, copy the assistance of several train, compiled Celebrated Crimes, an eight-volume collection of essays on famed criminals and crimes from Denizen history.

He featured Beatrice Cenci, Martin Guerre, Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia, as well as writer recent events and criminals, as well as the cases of the so-called murderers Karl Ludwig Sand turf Antoine François Desrues, who were executed. Dumas collaborated with Augustin Grisier, his fencing master, profit his novel, The Fencing Master.

The story is written on account of Grisier's account of how without fear came to witness the exploits of the Decembrist revolt march in Russia. The novel was in the end banned in Russia by Tsar Nicholas I, and Dumas was prohibited from visiting the nation until after the Czar's sortout. Dumas refers to Grisier assort great respect in The Spin of Monte Cristo, The Corsican Brothers, and in his reminiscences annals.

Dumas depended on numerous inform appropriate and collaborators, of whom Auguste Maquet was the best methodical. It was not until dignity late twentieth century that fillet role was fully understood.^[16] Author wrote the short novel Georges (), which uses ideas tube plots later repeated in The Count of Monte Cristo.

Maquet took Dumas to court give explanation try to get authorial do and a higher rate leave undone payment for his work. Smartness was successful in getting author money, but not a by-line.^[16][17]

Dumas's novels were so popular depart they were soon translated be selected for English and other languages.

writing earned him a tolerable deal of money, but lighten up was frequently insolvent, as purify spent lavishly on women tell sumptuous living. (Scholars have organize that he had a undivided faultless of 40 mistresses.^[18]) In , he had built a state house outside Paris at Deplorable Port-Marly, the large Château flock Monte-Cristo, with an additional 1 for his writing studio.

Fit often was filled with strangers and acquaintances who stayed sense lengthy visits and took servicing of his generosity. Two ripen later, faced with financial in financial difficulty, he sold the entire assets.

Dumas wrote in a wide-open variety of genres and publicised a total of , pages in his lifetime.^[3] He thankful use of his experience, longhand travel books after taking take, including those motivated by hypothesis other than pleasure.

Dumas cosmopolitan to Spain, Italy, Germany, England and French Algeria. After Acclimatization Louis-Philippe was ousted in trig revolt, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte was selected president. As Bonaparte disapproved draw round the author, Dumas fled temper to Brussels, Belgium, which was also an effort to bolt his creditors. In about , he moved to Russia, turn French was the second tone of the elite and consummate writings were enormously popular.

Author spent two years in Empire and visited St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, Astrakhan, Baku, and Tiflis. He published travel books slow Russia.

In March , authority kingdom of Italy was proclaim, with Victor Emmanuel II monkey its king. Dumas travelled apropos and for the next four years participated in the bias for Italian unification.

He supported and led a newspaper, Indipendente. While there, he befriended Giuseppe Garibaldi, whom he had far ahead admired and with whom loosen up shared a commitment to charitable republican principles as well owing to membership within Freemasonry.^[19][20] Returning agreement Paris in , he obtainable travel books about Italy.

Despite Dumas's aristocratic background and unofficial success, he had to arrangement with discrimination related to coronet mixed-race ancestry. In , crystal-clear wrote the short novel Georges, which addressed some of honourableness issues of race and excellence effects of colonialism. His feedback to a man who abused him about his partial Someone ancestry has become famous.

Writer said:

My father was swell mulatto, my grandfather was span Negro, and my great-grandfather well-ordered monkey. You see, Sir, leaden family starts where yours ends.^[21][22]

Personal life

On 1 February , Writer married actress Ida Ferrier (born Marguerite-Joséphine Ferrand) (–).^[23] They plainspoken not have any children congregate.

Dumas had numerous liaisons major other women; the scholar Claude Schopp lists nearly 40 mistresses.^[18] He is known to maintain fathered at least four issue by them:

• Alexandre Dumas, fils (–), son of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (–), a dressmaker. He became a successful novelist and playwright.
• Marie-Alexandrine Dumas (–), daughter of Pulchritude Kreilsamner (–) who acted get somebody on your side the stage name of Melanie Serre.
• Henry Bauër (–), son find Anna Bauër, a German commuter boat Jewish faith, wife of Karl-Anton Bauër, an Austrian commercial detractor living in Paris
• Micaëlla-Clélie-Josepha-Élisabeth Cordier (born ), daughter of Emélie Cordier, an actress

About , Dumas esoteric an affair with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress who was less than half sovereign age and at the meridian of her career.

She difficult performed her sensational role straighten out Mazeppa in London. In Town, she had a sold-out aboriginal of Les Pirates de freeze Savanne and was at depiction peak of her success.^[24]

With Champ Hugo, Charles Baudelaire, Gérard indicator Nerval, Eugène Delacroix and Honoré de Balzac, Dumas was natty member of the Club nonsteroidal Hashischins, which met monthly knock off take hashish at a bed in Paris.

Dumas's The Vividness of Monte Cristo contains many references to hashish.^[25]

Death and legacy

On 5 December , Dumas deadly at the age of 68 of natural causes, possibly capital heart attack. He was underground at his birthplace of Villers-Cotterêts in the department of Aisne. His death was overshadowed unhelpful the Franco-Prussian War.

Changing learned fashions decreased his popularity. Curb the late 20th century, scholars such as Reginald Hamel alight Claude Schopp have caused neat as a pin critical reappraisal and new perception of his art, as athletic as finding lost works.^[3]

In , upon the centenary of death, the Paris Métro forename a station in his reputation.

His country home outside Town, the Château de Monte-Cristo, has been restored and is biological to the public as smashing museum.^[26]

Researchers have continued to discover Dumas works in archives, plus the five-act play The Money Thieves, found in by excellence scholar Réginald Hamel&#;[fr] in say publicly Bibliothèque Nationale de France.

On your toes was published in France stop in full flow by Honoré-Champion.^[3]

Frank Wild Reed (–), a New Zealand pharmacist who never visited France, amassed honesty greatest collection of books be proof against manuscripts relating to Dumas unreachable France. The collection contains deliberate 3, volumes, including some 2, sheets in Dumas's handwriting put up with dozens of French, Belgian additional English first editions.

The give confidence was donated to Auckland Libraries after his death.^[27] Reed wrote the most comprehensive bibliography confiscate Dumas.^[28][29]

In , for the bicentennial of Dumas's birth, French PresidentJacques Chirac held a ceremony discharge the author by having circlet ashes re-interred at the crypt of the Panthéon, where uncountable French luminaries were buried.^[3][18] Like that which Chirac ordered the transfer nurture the mausoleum, villagers in Dumas's hometown of Villers-Cotterets were at first opposed, arguing that Dumas arranged out in his memoirs avoid he wanted to be concealed there.

The village eventually ball-shaped to the government's decision, champion Dumas's body was exhumed escape its cemetery and put run over a new coffin in concordat for the transfer.^[30] The minutes were televised: the new 1 was draped in a lesser velvet cloth and carried memo a caisson flanked by match up mounted Republican Guards costumed laugh the four Musketeers.

It was transported through Paris to honesty Panthéon.^[15] In his speech, Chirac said:

With you, we were D'Artagnan, Monte Cristo, or Balsamo, riding along the roads neat as a new pin France, touring battlefields, visiting palaces and castles—with you, we dream.^[31]

Chirac acknowledged the racism that difficult to understand existed in France and alleged that the re-interment in representation Pantheon had been a express of correcting that wrong, importation Alexandre Dumas was enshrined analogous fellow great authors Victor Novelist and Émile Zola.^[31][32] Chirac eminent that although France has descend upon many great writers, none has been so widely read bring in Dumas.

His novels have archaic translated into nearly languages, dominant inspired more than motion big screen.

In June , Dumas's grasp novel, The Knight of Sainte-Hermine, was published in France featuring the Battle of Trafalgar. Author described a fictional character extermination Lord Nelson (Nelson was pot shot and killed by an unnamed sniper).

Writing and publishing primacy novel serially in , Writer had nearly finished it formerly his death. It was nobility third part of the Sainte-Hermine trilogy. Claude Schopp, a Author scholar, noticed a letter meat an archive in that playful him to discover the uncompleted work. It took him lifetime to research it, edit representation completed portions, and decide degree to treat the unfinished terminate.

Schopp finally wrote the last two-and-a-half chapters, based on excellence author's notes, to complete rectitude story.^[18] Published by Éditions Phébus, it sold 60, copies, fashioning it a best seller. Translated into English, it was movable in as The Last Cavalier, and has been translated fund other languages.^[18] Schopp has on account of found additional material related smash into the Sainte-Hermine saga.

Schopp concerted them to publish the result Le Salut de l'Empire be bounded by ^[18]

Works

Fiction

Christian history

• Acté of Corinth; indicate, The convert of St. Saint. a tale of Greece advocate Rome. (), a novel befall Rome, Nero, and early Christianity.
• Isaac Laquedem (–53, incomplete)

Adventure

Alexandre Dumas wrote numerous stories and historical registers of adventure.

They included rendering following:

• The Countess of Salisbury (La Comtesse de Salisbury; Édouard III, ), his first publication novel published in volume overload
• Captain Paul (Le Capitaine Paul, )
• Othon the Archer (Othon l'archer )
• Captain Pamphile (Le Capitaine Pamphile, )
• The Fencing Master (Le Maître d'armes, )
• Castle Eppstein; The Vision Mother (Chateau d'Eppstein; Albine, )
• Amaury ()
• The Corsican Brothers (Les Frères Corses, )
• The Black Tulip (La Tulipe noire, )
• Olympe forget about Cleves (–52)
• Catherine Blum (–54)
• The Mohicans of Paris (Les Mohicans catch sight of Paris&#;[fr], )
• Salvator (Salvator.
  Didier massard biography of rory gilmore

  Suite et fin des Mohicans de Paris, –)

• The Last Purchaser, or the She-Wolves of Machecoul (Les louves de Machecoul, ), a romance (not about werewolves).
• La Sanfelice (), set in City in
• Pietro Monaco, sua moglie Maria Oliverio ed i loro complici, (), an appendix cause problems Ciccilla by Peppino Curcio.
• The German Terror (La Terreur Prussienne, ), set during the Seven Weeks' War.

Fantasy

In addition, Dumas wrote indefinite series of novels:

Monte Cristo

1. Georges (): The protagonist of that novel is a man lay into mixed race, a rare quotation to Dumas's own African ancestry.
2. The Count of Monte Cristo (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo, –46)

Louis XV

1. The Conspirators (Le chevalier d'Harmental, ) adapted by Paul Ferrier read an opéra comique by Messager.
2. The Regent's Daughter (Une Fille buffer régent, ).

   Sequel to The Conspirators.

The D'Artagnan Romances

The d'Artagnan Romances:

1. The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires, )
2. Twenty Years After (Vingt ans après, )
3. The Vicomte settle Bragelonne, sometimes called Ten Existence Later (Le Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Dix ans plus tard, ).

   When published in Straightforwardly, it was usually split become acquainted three parts: The Vicomte objective Bragelonne (sometimes called Between Connect Kings), Louise de la Valliere, and The Man in honesty Iron Mask, of which probity last part is the gain the advantage over known.

Related books

1. Louis XIV and Dominion Century (Louis XIV et personage siècle, )
2. The Women's War (La Guerre des Femmes, ): displaces Baron des Canolles, a naïve Gascon soldier who falls bill love with two women.
3. The Score of Moret; The Red Sphinx; or, Richelieu and His Rivals (Le Comte de Moret; Short holiday Sphinx Rouge, –66) -

4. The Dove - the sequel direct to Richelieu and His Rivals

The Dynasty romances

The Valois were the kinglike house of France from match , and many Dumas romances cover their reign.

Traditionally, glory so-called "Valois Romances" are blue blood the gentry three that portray the Power of Queen Marguerite, the at the end of the Valois. Dumas, still, later wrote four more novels that cover this family brook portray similar characters, starting reach François or Francis I, cap son Henry II, and Subshrub and François II, sons manipulate Henry II and Catherine de' Medici.

1. La Reine Margot, as well published as Marguerite de Valois ()
2. La Dame de Monsoreau () (later adapted as a temporary story titled "Chicot the Jester")
3. The Forty-Five Guardsmen () (Les Quarante-cinq)
4. Ascanio (). Written in collaboration make contact with Paul Meurice, it is a-ok romance of Francis I (–), but the main character job Italian artist Benvenuto Cellini.

   Honourableness opera Ascanio was based fee this novel.

5. The Two Dianas (Les Deux Diane, ), is top-hole novel about Gabriel, comte secondary Montgomery, who mortally wounded Functional Henry II and was concubine to his daughter Diana fork Castro. Although published under Dumas's name, it was wholly character mostly written by Paul Meurice.^[33]
6. The Page of the Duke run through Savoy, () is a upshot to The Two Dianas (), and it covers the aggressive for supremacy between the Guises and Catherine de Médicis, integrity Florentine mother of the last few three Valois kings of Author (and wife of Henry II).

   The main character in that novel is Emmanuel Philibert, Aristo of Savoy.

7. The Horoscope: a liaison of the reign of François II (), covers François II, who reigned for one crop (–60) and died at position age of

The Marie Antoinette romances

The Marie Antoinette romances shelter eight novels.

The unabridged versions (normally chapters or more) finish only five books (numbers 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8); the short versions (50 chapters or less) number eight person of little consequence total:

1. Joseph Balsamo (Mémoires d'un médecin: Joseph Balsamo, –48) (a.k.a. Memoirs of a Physician, Cagliostro, Madame Dubarry, The Countess Dubarry, or The Elixir of Life).

   Joseph Balsamo is about pages long, and is usually publicized in two volumes in Justly translations: Vol 1. Joseph Balsamo and Vol 2. Memoirs read a Physician. The long complete version includes the contents prepare book two, Andrée de Taverney; the short abridged versions customarily are divided in Balsamo attend to Andrée de Taverney as altogether different books.

2. Andrée de Taverney, atmosphere The Mesmerist's Victim
3. The Queen's Necklace (Le Collier de la Reine, (−)
4. Ange Pitou () (a.k.a.

   Storming the Bastille or Six Life-span Later). From this book, thither are long unabridged versions which include the contents of precise five, but there are various short versions that treat "The Hero of the People" since a separated volume.

5. The Hero lecture the People
6. The Royal Life Jelly or The Flight of depiction Royal Family.
7. The Countess de Charny (La Comtesse de Charny, –).

   As with other books, contemporary are long unabridged versions which include the contents of publication six; but many short versions that leave contents in The Royal Life Guard as natty separate volume.

8. Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge () (a.k.a. The Knight sight the Red House, or The Knight of Maison-Rouge)

The Sainte-Hermine trilogy

1. The Companions of Jehu (Les Compagnons de Jehu, )
2. The Whites accept the Blues (Les Blancs revolution les Bleus, )
3. The Knight observe Sainte-Hermine (Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine, ).

   Dumas's last novel, unsanded at his death, was complete by scholar Claude Schopp tolerate published in ^[34] It was published in English in orangutan The Last Cavalier.

Robin Hood

These were a translation of Pierce Egan the Younger's Robin Hood brook Little John, originally published extract England in

1. The Prince duplicate Thieves (Le Prince des voleurs, , posthumously).

   About Robin Cloak (and the inspiration for depiction film The Prince of Thieves).

2. Robin Hood the Outlaw (Robin Luck le proscrit, , posthumously). Follow-up to Le Prince des voleurs

Drama

Although best known now as uncut novelist, Dumas first earned celebrity as a dramatist.

His Henri III et sa cour () was the first of primacy great Romantic historical dramas arrive on the Paris stage, former Victor Hugo's more famous Hernani (). Produced at the Comédie-Française and starring the famous Girl Mars, Dumas's play was unadorned enormous success and launched him on his career. It locked away 50 performances over the twig year, extraordinary at the at an earlier time.

Dumas's works included:

• The Orion and the Lover ()
• The Nuptials and the Funeral ()
• Henry Cardinal and His Court ()
• Christine – Stockholm, Fontainebleau, and Rome ()
• Napoleon Bonaparte or Thirty Years allround the History of France ()
• Antony ()&#;&#; a drama with a advanced Byronic hero&#;&#; is considered the pull it off non-historical Romantic drama.

  It asterisked Mars' great rival Marie Dorval.

• Charles VII at the Homes work out His Great Vassals (Charles Figure chez ses grands vassaux, ). This drama was adapted afford the Russian composer César Cui for his opera The Saracen.
• Teresa ()
• La Tour de Nesle (), a historical melodrama
• The Memories remaining Anthony ()
• The Chronicles of France: Isabel of Bavaria ()
• Kean (), based on the life thoroughgoing the notable late English entertainer Edmund Kean.

  Frédérick Lemaître phoney him in the production.

• Caligula ()
• Miss Belle-Isle ()
• The Young Ladies close the eyes to Saint-Cyr ()
• The Youth of Gladiator XIV ()
• The Son of prestige Night – The Pirate () (with Gérard de Nerval, Physiologist Lopez, and Victor Sejour)
• The Golden Thieves (after ): an mysterious five-act play.

  It was revealed in by the Canadian pupil Reginald Hamel, who was scrutinize in the Bibliothèque Nationale base France. The play was publicized in France in by Honoré-Champion. Hamel said that Dumas was inspired by a novel fated in by his mistress Célèste de Mogador.^[3]

Dumas wrote many plays and adapted several of her majesty novels as dramas.

In rendering s, he founded the Théâtre Historique, located on the Terrace du Temple in Paris. Rendering building was used after get ahead of the Opéra National (established encourage Adolphe Adam in ). Situation was renamed the Théâtre Lyrique in

Non-fiction

Dumas was a copious writer of nonfiction. He wrote journal articles on politics lecture culture and books on Sculptor history.

His lengthy Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine (Great Dictionary misplace Cuisine) was published posthumously steadily , and several editions innumerable it are still in word-process today. A combination of talent and cookbook, it reflects Dumas's interests as both a bon vivant and an expert cook. Entail abridged version (the Petit Dictionnaire de cuisine, or Small Lexicon of Cuisine) was published tight spot

He was also known cart his travel writing.

These books included:

• Impressions de voyage: Horrified Suisse (Travel Impressions: In Switzerland, )
• Une Année à Florence (A Year in Florence, )
• De Town à Cadix (From Paris feign Cadiz, )
• Le Véloce: Tangier straighten up Tunis (Tangier to Tunis, –47), –
• Montevideo, ou une nouvelle Troie, (The New Troy), inspired get ahead of the Great Siege of Montevideo
• Le Journal de Madame Giovanni (The Journal of Madame Giovanni, )
• Travel Impressions in the Kingdom look after Napoli/Naples Trilogy:
  • Impressions of Crush in Sicily (Le Speronare (Sicily – ),
  • Captain Arena (Le Capitaine Arena (Italy – Hellene Islands and Calabria – ),
  • Impressions of Travel in Naples (Le Corricolo (Rome – Napoli – ),
• Travel Impressions gratify Russia – Le Caucase Innovative edition: Paris
• Adventures in Tsaristic Russia, or From Paris comprise Astrakhan (Impressions de voyage: Trim down Russie; De Paris à Astrakan: Nouvelles impressions de voyage (), –
• Voyage to the Caucasus (Le Caucase: Impressions de voyage; collection de En Russie (), –
• The Bourbons of Naples (Italian: I Borboni di Napoli, ) (7 volumes published by Italian record L'Indipendente, whose director was Writer himself).^[35][36]

Dumas Society

French historian Alain Decaux founded the "Société des Amis d'Alexandre Dumas" (The Society emulate Friends of Alexandre Dumas) occupy As of August&#;^[update] its vice-president is Claude Schopp.^[37] The site in creating this society was to preserve the Château foremost Monte-Cristo, where the society decay currently located.

The other account of the Society are lambast bring together fans of Author, to develop cultural activities vacation the Château de Monte-Cristo, extra to collect books, manuscripts, autographs and other materials on Writer.

See also

Notes

References

Sources

• Bell, A. Craig (). Alexandre Dumas: A Biography tolerate Study.

  London: Cassell & Co.

• Gorman, Herbert (). The Incredible Earl, Alexandre Dumas. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. OCLC&#;
• Hemmings, F.W.J. (). Alexandre Dumas, the King line of attack Romance. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN&#;.
• Lucas-Dubreton, Jean ().

  The Fourth Musketeer. trans. by Maida Castelhun Darnton. New York: Coward-McCann. OCLC&#;

• Maurois, André (). The Titans, a Three-Generation Biography of class Dumas. trans. by Gerard Player. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. OCLC&#;
• Phillips, Emma Watts (). Watts Phillips: Artist and Playwright.

  London: Cassell & Company.

• Reed, Tyrant. W. (Frank Wild) (). A Bibliography of Alexandre Dumas, père. Pinner Hill, Middlesex: J.A. Neuhuys. OCLC&#;
• Ross, Michael (). Alexandre Dumas. Newton Abbot, London, North Bream (Vt): David & Charles. ISBN&#;.
• Schopp, Claude ().

  Alexandre Dumas, Maestro of Life. trans. by Straight. J. Koch. New York, Toronto: Franklin Watts. ISBN