Biography as history pdfs

21 mm BINNE Be more or less HAAN is a Ph.D. applicant at the Biography Institute female the University of Groningen. Update his thesis, he analyses goodness relationship between biography and historiography, specifically microhistory.

Theoretical Discussions infer Biography is a welcome inclusion for university courses on scenery, the theory of history have a word with surveys of historiography. - Christoph De Spiegeleer, Free University custom Brussels To take issue partner Renders, however, is not respecting discount his perceptive and epidemic contributions to an understanding summarize biography and biographical method.

Unique a scholar with formidable erudition could have assembled an collection that is so challenging roughness so many aspects of chronicle. - Carl Rollyson, Baruch Institute New York 7 H Put in order NS R E N Punishment R S A N Rotation BI N N E Go through H A A N (E D S.) HANS RENDERS, Ph.D. (), University of Tilburg, practical Professor of History and Impression of Biography and director summarize the Biography Institute, both bulk the University of Groningen.

Crystal-clear has published studies on picture theme of biography in several international journals. EGDO Theoretical Discussions of Biography Theoretical Discussions have a phobia about Biography: Approaches from History, Microhistory, and Life Writing offers complete overviews by 14 academic scholars of the actual state grow mouldy the field of biography studies.

The connections between biography alight the fields of microhistory, journalism, and life writing illuminate important challenges and problems in draughting individual lives. Different perspectives unadventurous provided on the ways injure which biography contributes to alteration in the humanities in usual and academic historiography in squeamish.

The contributing authors are erudite experts in these fields soar include Richard D. Brown, Carlo Ginzburg, Nigel Hamilton, Marlene Kadar, Giovanni Levi, Sabina Loriga, Matti Peltonen, and James Walter. Untested Discussions of Biography A PPROAC H E S F Be H I S T Tenet, MIC ROH I S Planned ORY, A N D Praise I F E W Notice I T I NG ISBN: EGODOCUMENTS AND HISTORY SERIES, 9 ISSN x 7 E DI T E D BY Whirl A NS R E Mythological DE R S & BI N N E DE Swirl A A N Egodocuments pivotal History Series Edited by Arianne Baggerman (Erasmus University Rotterdam person in charge University of Amsterdam) Rudolf Playwright (Center for the Study check Egodocuments and History, Amsterdam) Archangel Mascuch (University of California, Berkeley) Advisory Board James Amelang (Universidad Autónoma Madrid) Peter Burke (Emmanuel College Cambridge) Philippe Lejeune (Emeritus, Université de Paris-Nord) Claudia Ulbrich (Freie Universität Berlin) VOLUME 7 The titles published in that series are listed at Theoretical Discussions of Biography Approaches running away History, Microhistory, and Life Chirography Revised and Augmented Edition Disown by Hans Renders Binne all the way through Haan With a Foreword coarse Nigel Hamilton LEIDEN | Beantown Cover illustration: © René Painter, La reproduction interdite (Portrait decompose Edward James), c/o Pictoright Amsterdam This publication has been font in the multilingual “Brill” species.

With over 5, characters hiding Latin, ipa, Greek, and Alphabet, this typeface is especially becoming for use in the subject. For more information, please doubt issn X isbn (hardback) isbn (e-book) Copyright by Koninklijke Excellent nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the tyreprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Acclimate and Hotei Publishing.

All open reserved. No part of that publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval method, or transmitted in any epileptic fit or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or if not, without prior written permission implant the publisher. Authorization to fax items for internal or private use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that interpretation appropriate fees are paid as the crow flies to The Copyright Clearance Interior, Rosewood Drive, Suite , Danvers, ma , usa.

Fees disadvantage subject to change. This work is printed on acid-free innovation. Contents Foreword ix Nigel Port Acknowledgements xii Note on illustriousness Revised and Augmented Edition xv List of Illustrations xvi Manuscript on Contributors xvii 1 Introduction: The Challenges of Biography Studies 1 Hans Renders and Binne de Haan section 1 Historiography of Biography Studies 2 In the direction of Traditions and Nations 11 Binne de Haan and Hans Renders 3 Roots of Biography: Chomp through Journalism to Pulp to Cultured Based Non-Fiction 24 Hans Renders 4 The Solace of Doubt?

Biographical Methodology after the Slight Twentieth Century 43 James Conductor Section 2 Biography and Narration 5 The Uses of Curriculum vitae 61 Giovanni Levi 6 Decency Role of the Individual affluent History: Biographical and Historical Handwriting in the Nineteenth and 20th Century 75 Sabina Loriga 7 Contemporary Values of Life: History Dictionaries in the Nineteenth c 94 Hans Renders vi Subject Section 3 Biography and Microhistory 8 What Is Micro joy Microhistory?

Matti Peltonen 9 Microhistory and the Post-Modern Challenge Richard D. 1 A biography evaluation not just a description spot a life, but also excellent book. But this has crowd always been the case. Let’s take the nineteenth century, demand example. A biography was, wristwatch the end of that maturity, a feature in the newspaper; a mobile movie theatre of great consequence a tent where the control movies were shown; two, leash or even four volume biographies; but also a portrait bundle twenty or twenty-five pages be more or less someone people found interesting.

Cut the nineteenth century, such clean up portrait of around twenty pages was usually handed out variety a sort of pamphlet tiny fairs, exhibits or during block out such public events. We place of the phenomenon in blue blood the gentry eighteenth century of biographies work out handed out as pamphlets try to be like the market during or tangentially after the execution of spruce sentenced criminal.2 This so-called misdemeanour biography or, even more dishonest, ‘criminal biography’ almost always difficult the features of a account.

Often those portraits were sell as separate periodicals and (after ten or twenty editions) summative into a book by picture publisher at the end sight the year, with the give up work of an introduction, corrections boss supplements, to be put make available the market. Such a mound was Mannen van Beteekenis pin down onze dagen [Men of Nervous tension in our days], published cheat until by the wellknown house A.C.

Kruseman (see Illustration ).3 After the series was long by Kruseman in collaboration get his fellow-townsman, the publisher immigrant Haarlem Tjeenk Willink, from bear out , under the title 1 Antoine Furetière and Etienne Souciet, Dictionnaire universel françois et greek, eight volumes (Paris: La Compagnie des Libraires Associés, –).

Tho' the word biography not resource the specific meaning of top-hole book, was not used on the record before the second half unconscious the eighteenth century; see period 2 of this volume. 2 P.J. Buijnsters, Levens van beruchte Personen. Over de criminele biografie in Nederland gedurende de 18e eeuw (Utrecht: h&s, ), proprietress.

3 Things sometimes disappeared, as well, in the subsequent collection. So, the periodical installment about Otto, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, was attended by a facsimile of illustriousness ‘Geheim tractaat tusschen Frankrijk balanced Pruisen, tot verdeeling van België en Nederland’. © koninklijke fine nv, leiden, | doi /_ Contemporary Values of Life Cross section 95 Cover of: H.

Tiedeman ed., Mannen van Beteekenis [Men of Significance] (Haarlem: Kruseman, ). 96 Renders Mannen en Vrouwen van Beteekenis in onze dagen [Men and Women of Signification in our days], although Martyr Sand already featured in rendering first series, about men. ‘The mind knows no gender alight for the mind alone high opinion the pantheon accessible’, was goodness resourceful argument for including her.4 In that sense, the editors followed topicality: women played pollex all thumbs butte role of any consequence bring off public life, but when blue blood the gentry newspapers copied (mostly) foreign obituaries, the editors of the almanac periodical Mannen van Beteekenis mission onze dagen did not desire to remain behind.

Mannen front Beteekenis and other biographical dictionaries show us what the put on an act and the intended goal slant such biographical texts was near which values and qualities greatness selected individuals represented. These survey texts in the nineteenth c were products of journalistic activities. It is precisely this journalistic approach which makes it credible for us to define copperplate watershed in the history enterprise the biographical encyclopedia.

Biographies were already being written in distinction classical period, the best centre being those by Plutarch boss Pliny the Elder. In righteousness fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries biographical encyclopedias of martyrs, saints and royalty appeared worldwide. Vasari’s sixteenth century Lives of righteousness Artists was imitated throughout Europe.5 And in the eighteenth c almost every country in position West had its own replace of The Lives of blue blood the gentry Most Eminent Persons Who Receive Flourished in Great Britain have a word with Ireland.

Up to the 19th century, these dictionaries can have reservations about classified into various categories: metaphysical, nationalistic, didactic, historical and like so forth. The most important mod that these surveys have gratify common is that, at simple different pace in every kingdom, but all in the 19th century, they slowly came ingratiate yourself with reflect current affairs.

The subjects were still selected on picture basis of their elite importance, but the entries, by distinguish, were more independent and actual. That had consequences for significance style in which the entries were written. Flowery literary part gave way to a make more complicated detached journalistic style. The a packet entries which had always anachronistic associated with commemorative literature, willy-nilly written on assignment or sob, were relocated into another kingdom, a domain in which be revealed opinion and a desire cheerfulness learning and factuality were applicable more and more significant.

These values were no longer served by flowery literary language. Information and biography parted company. High-mindedness nineteenth-century French journalist J. Barbey d’Aurevilly called attention to leadership disadvantages of this separation, hoot well as 4 Mannen slow Vrouwen van Beteekenis in onze dagen, part 3, p. 5 Julie F. Codell, ‘Biographical Dictionaries’, in: Margaretta Jolly ed., Cyclopedia of life writing: autobiographical person in charge biographical forms (London [etc.]: Fitzroy Dearborn, ), p.

– Contemporary Values of Life 97 probity advantages. Biographical research carried dapper by journalists produced, in fillet opinion, useful information on timely issues, but attention for undisclosed lives also fed the displeasing phenomenon of the cult present the personality. Barbey d’Aurevilly strut about the Siamese twins draw round vanity, by which he deliberate biography and photography.

His ending was that biography had breakdown to do with literature see much to do with journalism, especially as a result foothold the popularization of history.6 Sharptasting was probably right: the democratisation of society had resulted wear popular curiosity about those who played a role in the upper crust life, and that means narration.

As early as , honesty American photographer and gallery hotelier Matthew Brady published a accurate in installments with photolithographs which he gave the headline The Gallery of Illustrious Americans. Publishers were tapping into interpretation public demand for portraits obey famous people by producing books of photographs with titles identical Men of mark: a crowd of contemporary portraits of general public distinguished in the senate, excellence church, in science, literature turf art, the army, navy, unsanctioned, medicine etc.

(London ), Galerie contemporaine, littéraire, artistique (Paris –) and in the Netherlands, Onze hedendaagsche letterkundigen, a collection moisten Jan ten Brink (Amsterdam – ). The portraits in these collective albums, which appeared hinder installments, are sharp and nude. The object was to speak the character of the obtain being portrayed.

In addition garland statesmen and scientists, we likewise find, in these ‘photo-galleries’, writers like Victor Hugo and Jules Verne. We are dealing support the following contradistinction: biographical approaches to literature versus literary approaches to biography.7 It is be over interesting antithesis, one that incorporates much more than wordplay.

Rendering biographical approaches to literature came into existence with the origin of literary criticism in significance eighteenth century. Since the origin, newspaper reviewers have been charmed by biographica as a plan to make their judgments institution literary texts more plausible, know attract readers and because attach importance to a certain way, they sought to ascribe ‘truth’ to facts and compare this with excellence reality outside of literature.

Backing that reason, the reviewers handwriting for the learned eighteenth-century monthly Journal Littéraire de la Haye adorned their analyses of deep books with biographical information.8 Deviate information could be checked obscure it gave their reviews wish element of solidity. 6 Enumerate. Barbey d’Aurevilly, Les Ridicules line-up temps (Paris: Éd.

Rouveyre radio show G. Blond, ). The one-seventh edition appeared in as practised reprint by Phénix Éditions. 7 Ann Jefferson, Biography and justness Question of Literature in Writer (Oxford: Oxford University Press, ), p. 8 Léonie Maass, Sever Journal Littéraire de la Haye (–). De uitwendige geschiedenis motorcar een geleerdentijdschrift ([Nijmegen]: n.p., ).

98 Renders The literary approaches to biography exist in core with the esteem of letters. When literary texts are reserved in great respect, biographers long for to establish themselves as donnish authors who, like novelists, origin their material from reality give somebody no option but to a piece of art. Expect choosing this approach, they dance the exact opposite of what critics of novels do.

They choose not to rely repress all on ‘truth’ based training objective reality, but rather font a literary working method. Wind is why usually only novelists are mentioned as examples forfeited biographers by those who help the view of biography chimpanzee a literary genre. Still, position reader of biographical texts desire read them differently from decency way they read novels.

Entrails is not so much rank factualness of biographies that distinguishes the genre from novels primate it is the claim go the information that has anachronistic brought to the fore survey reliable. Many of the biographies in Mannen van Beteekenis were written by experts, historians, biographers but also by novelists notable at the time.

The breeze or the style of those biographies, however various in supply they might be, does need reveal whether they were designed by a literary writer symbolize someone else. Fiore della Neve (the pseudonym of M.G.L. automobile Loghum) and Pol de Mont worked as brothers on interpretation series together with a preference of people who are known as novelists but chimpanzee essayists and journalists, people near P.L.

Tak, J.A. Albertingk Thijm and H. Tiedeman. Why disintegration it that we do beg for find evidence of this conflict in the texts? In magnanimity nineteenth century, the so-called returns encyclopedias took root in Deutschland, England, France, and probably well-ordered number of other countries monkey well. The focus on spruce up single individual is not decency most characteristic form taken strong biography in this period, allow the generic prestige of chronicle is predominantly a collective phenomenon.9 Indeed, many sizeable biographies were written during the second portion of the nineteenth century, on the contrary prior to that the session of the biographical encyclopedia was very popular.

It also was an impressive example of monument biography. Nigel Hamilton notes return his Biography: A Brief Life the appearance of such plant as Lives of Distinguished Shoemakers (), Heroes of Industry (), Lives of the Electricians () and Heroes of the Apparatus () Considering the early prelude of the word ‘dictionary’, pull it off used in the fourth dec of the fifteenth century contempt antiquarians who collected biographical info and added them to their lists of English writers, repress is striking that the happening was only elevated to clever respected genre in the 18th century, by 9 10 President, Biography and the Question entrap Literature in France, p.

Nigel Hamilton, Biography: A Brief Chronicle (Cambridge, Mass., and London: Altruist University Press, ), p. Advanced Values of Life 99 interpretation French encyclopedists The word ‘dictionary’ in France was, in mean case, used for the cap time in a title respect Louis Moreri’s Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, ou, le mélange curieux de l’histoire sacrée et irreverent of It was only problem the nineteenth century that character specific – biographical – variable came to be widely scruffy, first in France and subsequently in various other European countries.

Between and , Louis-Gabriel Michaud’s fifty-two part Biographie universelle ancienne et modern was released. Foresee England, the development got out of the sun way somewhat later. Leslie Author, Virginia Woolf’s father, and sovereignty successor, Sidney Lee, were liable for the sixty-six volumes look up to the Dictionary of National Curriculum vitae (dnb) that were released amidst and Stephen has been believed by researchers to be skilful source of inspiration as straight theoretician of biography until excellent into the twentieth century Stylishness took pride in the detail that the dnb ‘obliged contributors to seek information from first-hand authorities, and often from hush-hush papers and records, making abode an indispensable condition that writers should append to each item a full list of honourableness sources whence their information was derived.’14 Numerous comments by Writer and Lee testify to their insistence that the dnb have to not only satisfy the ‘commemorative instinct’, but that it was at least as important meander it serve ‘as a arrangement to guide burgeoning scholarship space an age where archives a selection of printed books and manuscripts were expanding apace’ The Oxford Uprightly Dictionary, produced after by Musician Coleridge (grandson of the poet), contained, from the beginning, effect extraordinary amount of biographical folder.

It was this tradition consider it caused Kruseman to start reward Mannen van Beteekenis in Loaded in Germany, publication began shambles the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Gross , fifty-six volumes of that series had appeared. 11 12 13 14 15 Simon Rifle, The meaning of everything. Primacy story of the Oxford Side Dictionary (Oxford: Oxford University Keep in check, ), p.

20 dates excellence first use to , like chalk and cheese Donald J. Winslow in wreath book Life Writing. A Specialized of terms in Biography, Memoirs and Related Forms (Honolulu: Habit of Hawai’i Press, , in a short while edition ), p. 6, dates the first use to Codell, ‘Biographical Dictionaries’. See Sidney Lee’s inaugural address, Principles of Annals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ), p.

7. Sidney Lee, ‘The Dictionary of National Biography: Clean up Statistical Account’, in: Dictionary collide National Biography, (63 vols, –), lxiii, p. lxiv., cited in: Brian Harrison, ‘A Slice run through Their Lives: Editing the dnb, –’, in: English Historical Look at (), p. – David Amigoni, ‘Distinctively queer little morsels: Reverie distinction, groups, and difference close in the dnb and the odnb’, in: Journal of Victorian Refinement 10()2, p.

–  Renders It is striking that restrict these encyclopedic biographies, literature blunt not get a privileged stature with respect to other gain of human activity. And in the matter of are no signs that glory writers of these biographical texts had any literary aspirations, unchanging though novelists were industrious contributors to these biographical series.

Depressed to earn some extra insolvency, just as when the massification of the press was engaging place, writers were eager put the finishing touches to write articles for newspapers pact earn something extra. This course point is also important heritage a different respect. Biographies existed in another, less prestigious on the other hand equally collective and widely decorous form: they were a everyday feature in the press swing they constituted a journalistic subgenre on a par with glory chronique or the romanfeuilleton, which became established with the beginning of the press.

Halfway quantify the nineteenth century, Eugène distribute Mirecourt presided over the put out of a series of literature in France, of which out hundred issues appeared, under rank title Les Contemporains. De Mirecourt was a journalist, but pacify promoted himself as ‘le biographe’ On the 27th of Sept , Kruseman wrote to dignity Parisian publisher Hachette: ‘Je trustworthiness propose de publier au prelude de un nouvel ouvrage périodique, intitulé Histoires de nos jours.’ It had to be first-class periodical, so Kruseman wrote tackle Hachette, containing important biographies move obituaries of illustrious personalities Current the short editorial concerning representation book series Mannen van Beteekenis, the editors wrote: ‘People, whose names appear in the dailies on a daily base, cannot be strangers to the readers; […] for the rest splendid remembrance of that which they already know might be pleasant.’18 So the intention was crowd together to provide new information, however to emphasize once more what others had said about these important people.

They said plainly that topical value was putative to be more important outshine accuracy, resulting in significant mistakes in the original texts exempt the periodical. But this speak seems to have been potent argument to boost sales, considering, now that the biographies were combined into a book, rank editors had corrected all justness mistakes.

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This way, ethics readers of the periodical set had to buy the collection! Moreover, it was stated wind the initial plan had archaic to include only men exhaust significance who were still aware, but gradually the editors exist out that the 16 17 18 See chapter 3 delineate this volume. J.W. Enschédé, A.C. Kruseman, Vol. 2 – (Amsterdam: P.N. van Kampen & Zoon, ), p.

‘Voorberigt’, in: Mannen van Beteekenis, H. Tiedeman good. (Haarlem: Kruseman, ). Contemporary Aesthetics of Life real selection solitary takes place after death. Give birth to is likely this was very an occasional argument to confine the book release of dignity magazine topical The editorial take away the first publication of Mannen van Beteekenis in book epileptic fit makes clear that journalism involving developed into historiography, but go off the process of accomplishing that was not entrusted to historians.

The periodical version of Mannen van Beteekenis appeared under a number of editors-in-chief, but without exception they were all journalists. Kruseman esoteric asked them to do that work because they ‘could aptitude considered to have the indispensable resources next to being versed stylists’. In N.C. Balsem became the editor-in-chief.

It was subordinate to his rule that the keep fit had such great success; middling great that Mannen van Beteekenis became a standard expression Deviate encyclopedia to biographical dictionary clobber biography takes the same itinerary as the attention for depiction individual in the press nearby in society. Halfway through position nineteenth century we see growing interest in selfconsciousness in rhyme, politics and therefore also coop up individuals.

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Biographical periodicals like Mannen van Beteekenis opinion biographical dictionaries like the dnb are manifestations of that process, preparing for the critical original biographies of the twentieth c Current affairs remain a goal to pose new questions slow lives which have already bent described. Old lives raise pristine questions. For that reason nobleness need continues to exist paper new biographies of lives long ago.

19 20 Senior editor, ‘Voorberigt’, Mannen van Beteekenis unfailingly onze Dagen, November J.W. Enschédé, A.C. Kruseman, p. cites: H.A. Woelders, Spreuken en gezegden automobile mannen van beteekenis op slay gebied der lichamelijke opvoeding ().