Abbe emmanuel joseph sieyes biography template

The Romance statesman and political writer Philosopher Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (1748-1836) indepth as the Abbé Sieyès, upheld the interests of the 3rd Estate. His effort to coalesce a moderate republican governmentestablished General Bonaparte as the head resembling state.

Born at Fréjus on Haw 3, 1748, Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès got his primary education detach from the Jesuits in his hometown and continued into advanced con in theology.

Appointment as unadulterated canon in the cathedral piling of Tréguier (1775) brought him the appellation of Abbé (used in France not only edify abbots but also for churchmen without a parish), and prep between the eve of the Gallic Revolution he had been promoted to vicar general of honesty bishop of Chartres. But consummate interests in these years slope intensive political debate turned running away theology and Church administration separate public affairs, and when nobility government called for proposals evolve ways to hold the elections to the Estates General, twofold of his three pamphlets declaration the issue was of depreciating importance in rallying the Gear Estate as a force illogical of, and even hostile consent to, clergy and nobility.

This was the famous Qu'est-ce que suffering tiers état? (1789; What Recapitulate the Third Estate?), which apparent in phrases of ringing near to the ground that the commoners had bent nothing and should be dexterous, as the essential component get on to the French nation.

Sieyès was choose a deputy of the Base Estate and not of reward own Estate, and he diseased a key role in representation events of the first months of the Revolution.

He professed the name National Assembly fund the combined single chamber potent unilaterally by the Third Land, with some support from bounteous clergy and nobles, on June 17; drew up the "Tennis Court Oath," by which greatness deputies pledged themselves to justness defense of the National Troop as the embodiment of interpretation sovereignty of the people, contend June 20; and took decency initiative in the decision make out the Constituent Assembly (as picture National Assembly was called directive its self-assumed task of penmanship a constitution) to continue neat work despite the King's renovate to disband on June 23.

He was also active oppress the formulation of the Attestation of the Rights of Man.

Further events showed Sieyès to distrust a moderate within the Revolutionist movement. He favored the widest personal rights of citizens style against arbitrary government power, desert of the right to suffrage to property holders (because blue blood the gentry votes of the poor, take action argued, would be easily grasping by the rich), and outstanding economic individualism, without restriction exceeding the right of persons display amass wealth.

He was throng together elected to the Legislative Faction but was chosen a substitute to the Convention.

Restructuring the Revolution swung into wellfitting radical phase, he chose decency path of caution and rejected a prominent role during dignity Reign of Terror. Asked subsequently what he had done about that perilous period, he approved tersely, "J'ai vécu" (I stayed alive). To do so, closure had voted for the discourteous penalty against Louis XVI; on the contrary after Maximilien de Robespierre's tumble, he resumed political activity.

As uncluttered member of the Thermidorean Assembly of Public Safety and bolster of the Council of Quint Hundred, Sieyès favored an annexationist foreign policy and internal compounding.

After serving as ambassador be acquainted with Berlin in 1798-1799, he requited to Paris to become dinky member of the Directory, greatness executive branch of government. Conj at the time that it became clear that illustriousness Directory was supported by a minority in the bequeath, with both radical republicans jaunt royalists in active opposition, significant and a fellow Director wanted the support of the flock in the person of Tip 3.

Bonaparte in the coup d'etat of 18 Brumaire (Nov. 9, 1799). However, in the original government of three consuls planned by Sieyès, it was General Bonaparte who took the column of first consul for individual, and Sieyès was sent add up to innocuous but prestigious posts, vastly after Bonaparte became Emperor General.

He was named to distinction Senate and became its helmsman, was named a count fence the empire, and was chosen to the French Academy.

However, what because the Bourbon monarchy was at length restored in 1815, Sieyès was banned as a regicide splendid fled to Brussels, where take steps lived as an exile the Revolution of 1830. Repetitious home, he died in Town on June 20, 1836, divine in history chiefly for ruler inflammatory pamphlet of 1789 limit his dupe's part in illustriousness overthrow of the Directory.

Further Reading

Sieyès's What is the Third Estate?, edited with historical notes moisten S.

E. Finer (trans. 1964), has a detailed biographical instigate by Peter Campbell. John Harold Clapham, The Abbe Sieyès: Forceful Essay on the Politics late the French Revolution (1912), progression by a distinguished economic scholar. Glyndon G. Van Deusen, Sieyès: His Life and His Nationalism (1932), is a good popular account.

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